Compare interventions

Use the same six evidence dimensions for both. This prevents a strong animal result for one product being compared with a human clinical result for another.

First intervention

versus

Second intervention

Prescription medicine research

Rapamycin / sirolimus

No human longevity evidence

Exceptional animal lifespan evidence; no proof of human life extension and meaningful clinical risks.

Human clinical outcomes Preliminary

Human biomarkers Limited

Animal lifespan Strong

Mechanistic plausibility Strong

Safety certainty Moderate

Direct longevity relevance Preliminary

Verdict: Rapamycin is among the most reproducible pharmacological lifespan interventions in laboratory animals. In humans it is a prescription immunosuppressive medicine with recognised adverse effects and interactions. Small ageing-related trials test immune, skin, periodontal or functional endpoints, but there is no evidence that self-medication extends human life.

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NAD+ precursor

NMN

Early human evidence

Raises NAD-related biomarkers; broad healthspan benefits have not followed reliably.

Human clinical outcomes Preliminary

Human biomarkers Moderate

Animal lifespan Limited

Mechanistic plausibility Moderate

Safety certainty Limited

Direct longevity relevance Preliminary

Verdict: Nicotinamide mononucleotide can raise NAD-related measures in humans, which confirms biological activity. Trials have reported selected metabolic or functional effects, but results are mixed, studies are generally short, and no human evidence shows slower ageing or longer life.

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