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Searchable evidence dossiers

What has actually been shown?

Search by intervention, mechanism or outcome. Ratings describe the evidence for each dimension; they are not a shopping score.

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Skin and connective tissue

Collagen peptides

Useful human evidence

Modest symptom or appearance benefits are plausible; this is not an anti-ageing intervention in the broad sense.

Human outcomesModerate
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Performance and muscle

Creatine monohydrate

Useful human evidence

Useful evidence for strength and training support; longevity benefits would be indirect.

Human outcomesModerate
Longevity directnessLimited
Amino acids and redox biology

GlyNAC

Early human evidence

Small human studies are intriguing, but the claims currently outrun the sample sizes.

Human outcomesLimited
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Protein and muscle ageing

Leucine

Useful human evidence

Useful as part of protein strategy in selected older adults; isolated leucine is not a longevity treatment.

Human outcomesModerate
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Mineral and deficiency correction

Magnesium

Useful human evidence

Physiologically essential, clinically useful in defined situations, and chronically over-marketed.

Human outcomesModerate
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Antioxidant precursor and medicine

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Mostly indirect evidence

Established clinical uses do not automatically translate into routine longevity benefit.

Human outcomesModerate
Longevity directnessNone
NAD+ precursor

Nicotinamide riboside (NR)

Early human evidence

Biologically active and well studied for NAD elevation; clinical outcome evidence is thin.

Human outcomesPreliminary
Longevity directnessPreliminary
NAD+ precursor

NMN

Early human evidence

Raises NAD-related biomarkers; broad healthspan benefits have not followed reliably.

Human outcomesPreliminary
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Cardiometabolic

Omega-3 fatty acids

Useful human evidence

Some cardiovascular effects are real, but formulation, dose and baseline risk matter greatly.

Human outcomesModerate
Longevity directnessLimited
Prescription medicine research

Rapamycin / sirolimus

No human longevity evidence

Exceptional animal lifespan evidence; no proof of human life extension and meaningful clinical risks.

Human outcomesPreliminary
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Amino acid derivative

Taurine

Promising, incomplete

Compelling animal ageing biology; human longevity claims remain untested.

Human outcomesPreliminary
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Mitochondrial signalling

Urolithin A

Early human evidence

A plausible mitophagy intervention with early functional signals, still far from longevity proof.

Human outcomesLimited
Longevity directnessPreliminary
Vitamin and deficiency correction

Vitamin D

Useful human evidence

Important when deficient; extra supplementation is not a universal longevity multiplier.

Human outcomesStrong
Longevity directnessLimited
Vitamin and bone metabolism

Vitamin K2

Mostly indirect evidence

Biologically relevant to clotting and bone proteins; routine anti-calcification claims exceed the trial evidence.

Human outcomesPreliminary
Longevity directnessPreliminary
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