Longevity Evidence Lab Human evidence, uncertainty intact
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Side-by-side evidence

Compare interventions

Use the same six evidence dimensions for both. This prevents a strong animal result for one product being compared with a human clinical result for another.

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Mitochondrial signalling

Urolithin A

Early human evidence

A plausible mitophagy intervention with early functional signals, still far from longevity proof.

Human clinical outcomes Limited
Human biomarkers Moderate
Animal lifespan Limited
Mechanistic plausibility Moderate
Safety certainty Limited
Direct longevity relevance Preliminary

Verdict: Urolithin A is a gut-microbial metabolite derived from ellagitannins, although many people produce little naturally. Human trials suggest it can alter mitochondrial gene-expression or biomarker patterns and may modestly improve selected muscle endurance measures. No study shows extended human life or prevention of age-related disability.

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NAD+ precursor

NMN

Early human evidence

Raises NAD-related biomarkers; broad healthspan benefits have not followed reliably.

Human clinical outcomes Preliminary
Human biomarkers Moderate
Animal lifespan Limited
Mechanistic plausibility Moderate
Safety certainty Limited
Direct longevity relevance Preliminary

Verdict: Nicotinamide mononucleotide can raise NAD-related measures in humans, which confirms biological activity. Trials have reported selected metabolic or functional effects, but results are mixed, studies are generally short, and no human evidence shows slower ageing or longer life.

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